Off-road vehicles contain a wide range of equipment including excavators and other construction and mining equipment, farm tractors and other agricultural equipment, utility equipment such as generators and recreational vehicles such as such as snowmobiles, off-highway motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles.
Off-road vehicles, mainly agricultural, construction and mining equipment, are a key source of pollution in many countries and regions: In the United States, they account for almost three quarters of the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and one quarter of the nitrogen oxides (NOX) emitted from mobile sources. In Europe, non-road vehicles contribute approximately one quarter of the PM2.5 and more than 15% of the NOx emitted from mobile sources.